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Introduction: How to reason
Section 6: Don't jump to conclusions
Examine all the evidence before coming to any conclusion.
Proof of a part of theory is not proof of the whole.
The sixth chapter of Joshua in the Old Testament tells us how the city of
Jericho, which was occupied by Canaanites, fell to the Israelites.
Under God's instructions, the Israelite priests and army marched round
the city every day for seven days, blowing their trumpets. On the
seventh day "When the trumpets sounded, the people shouted,
and at the sound of the trumpet, when the people gave a loud shout,
the wall collapsed." (Joshua 6:20, New International Version)
Archaeologists have found the site of ancient Jericho.
It really existed and there is evidence that it was destroyed around
1400 or 1500 BC. A
Creationism
website points out that according to the Old Testament the event occurred
in the springtime or harvest season and one team found buried bushels of grain.
The fact that the food was uneaten, the site argues, is proof that the
population had no chance to escape - exactly as described in Joshua 6:21
(full text at the foot of this page).
Doesn't such evidence prove that the Bible is true - and if it's true
it must be the Word of God? Most Christians are persuaded by such an
argument and many others, who have no strong feeling about religion,
feel that such an argument makes sense.
The problem is, the argument is false. Jericho lies in an area that has been prone
to earthquake. Whether or not an army marched round the city blowing trumpets
How good is your reasoning?
Can you distinguish lies from truth? Or a good
argument from a false one? Can you when tell someone is trying to pull
the wool over your eyes?
We keep physically fit by exercising regularly and eating healthy
food. The same is true of our minds - we need regular mental exercise and a good diet of
solid facts and logic.
This chapter offers basic reasoning skills to help you understand the contradictions
that lie at the heart of all religion.
Does God exist? Before we try to answer that question we
need to have a clear idea of who or what God is. How do we
describe God? What versions of God are on offer?
Not sure what you're looking for?
If there's a word that you don't recognize, it might be defined
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If there's a topic you're looking for, check one of the Search
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If there's something you want to ask, send an
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but we'll do our best.
and shouting - and there is no evidence that one did - it is
clear that the city collapsed from natural causes. (An alternate
explanation is that such an army did march and the repeated thumping of
feet weakened fortifications to the extent that they eventually
collapsed.)
A thorough review of the text of Joshua confirms that God's only role in this
story was to suggest the circumambulation of the city under attack. Every
other aspect of the story is attributable to natural causes.
When we
read that the LORD told the Israelites to do something, we ask ourselves,
how did God do this? Did he bring them all together in a public meeting, or
did he tell one or two priests that these were his orders? If he spoke to
priests, can we trust what they say? And given that Joshua was written
several centuries after the events it records, how much can we trust it as
a record of actual events...?
Take another, non-Biblical example. In
Section 3 we compared two
detectives examining a murder scene. The first detective was convince that the
murderer was the victim's rival in love and looked for evidence to confirm that
theory. The second detective was open-minded. Now imagine a third detective who
starts open-minded, but he's lazy or not very good at reasoning. He sees the
same evidence as the first detective does and immediately assumes that
the rival was guilty. And if he makes the arrest, the real criminal escapes...
Here's a third example - the appearance of design. Believers - particularly Creationists and proponents of Intelligent Design - observe that elements of the universe and life on earth appear to have been designed. From "appear", they jump to the conclusion that those elements must have been designed. But in order to reach that conclusion, they ignore other evidence, as we will see in
Chapter Three: God the creator? - evidence which confirms that a designer is unnecessary.
There's a simple lesson to be learnt here: don't jump to
conclusions. Examine all the evidence before
coming to any conclusion. And remember that proof
of part of theory (ancient Jericho collapsed) is not proof that the whole
theory (the Bible confirms that God exists) is true.
Joshua 6:20 concludes: "so every [Israelite] charged straight in,
and they took the city." It is followed by Joshua 6:21: "They devoted the city to
the LORD and destroyed with the sword every living thing in it —
men and women, young and old, cattle, sheep and donkeys."
If you didn't see it earlier, here's another opportunity to watch this basic lesson on reasoning from Qualia Soup
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If God existed, he would...
admire the beauty of a universe that he did not create
recognize that eternity is meaningless
deny both heaven and hell
disown all men and women who speak in his name
denounce the harm caused by religious "morality"
help the human race to thrive without him
If God existed, he would be an atheist.
What is the difference between science and faith?
science is certain of nothing and requires proof of everything
faith is certain of everything and requires proof of nothing
Which do you trust?
"I know there is no God"
or
"I believe there is no God"
???
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