Search this site



powered by
FreeFind


All Rights Reserved
World Copyright





supporting advertisers
helps to provide an income
for this website



this page last updated
August 28, 2008



This website is being renovated throughout 2008. Pages and the content of pages will continue to change until the end of the year and there may be some inconsistencies and missing links. Please do not quote from or link to specific pages (apart from the home page) without contacting the webmaster first.


Introduction: How to reason

Section 8: Occam's Razor

The simplest interpretation is almost always the best.

pic: ufoevidence.org

William of Ockham - also spelt Occam - was a fourteenth century English philosopher and friar whose claim to fame is the formulation of the principle known as Occam's Razor: in any situation offering two or more explanations, the simpler or simplest explanation is always best.

We apply Occam's Razor - usually calling it common sense - every day of our lives. Children may come up with bizarre explanations for accidents and other errors of judgement, but teachers and parents know that Little Tommy is to blame. A cat owner sees a half-eaten mouse on the kitchen floor; perhaps the mouse came in, chewed off half its body and dragged itself away, but it's more likely to be a gift from precious Tiddles.

How about crop circles - the geometric patterns that occasionally appear fields? Some people have argued that these patterns could not be made by human beings or earth-bound phenomena such as wind or rain; they were therefore created by aliens from outer space. Others respond that human beings are responsible.

The human theory has simplicity on its side. Yes, the patterns are often complex and it may not be clear how they are made, but it is always physically possible for one or more people to enter a field, flatten some sections of wheat or other crop and leave the rest of the field alone. There was also a strong correlation between the appearance of circles, publicity and ease of access to the field, which suggests human involvement.

The alien theory is much more complicated. It depends on a race of beings traveling for the sole purpose of leaving geometric patterns in remote fields. What technology do they


How good is your reasoning?

Can you distinguish lies from truth? Or a good argument from a false one? Can you when tell someone is trying to pull the wool over your eyes?

We keep physically fit by exercising regularly and eating healthy
food. The same is true of our minds - we need regular mental exercise and a good diet of solid facts and logic.

This chapter offers basic reasoning skills to help you understand the contradictions that lie at the heart of all religion.

0.1: Basic principles
Start at the beginning

0.2: What do we know?
Separate fact from fiction

0.3: Start with the question ...
... not with the answer

0.4: All the evidence ...
... not just some of it

0.5: Cause and correlation
They're not the same

0.6: Don't jump to conclusions ...
... or you could land in the ...

0.7: No way
Proving a negative

0.8: Occam's Razor
The simplest solution

0.9: Facts, knowledge and science
What we know and how we know it

0.10: Reason and faith
Understanding the difference

0.11: Summary




Finished the introduction? Move on to

Chapter 1
Defining God


Does God exist? Before we try to answer that question we need to have a clear idea of who or what God is. How do we describe God? What versions of God are on offer?



Not sure what you're looking for?

If there's a word that you don't recognize, it might be defined here.

If there's a topic you're looking for, check one of the Search boxes on this page.

If there's something you want to ask, send an e-mail. We can't guarantee an answer, but we'll do our best.
use? How do their spaceships evade the complex network of satellite and radar systems that the areas where the ships make their mark?

Above all, why do they do it? If they want to communicate with the human race, why leave strange patterns in fields that few people see? If their technology is good enough to bring them to Earth, it is surely also so advanced that it can identify the primary forms of communication that we humans use. Why should the aliens both avoid world leaders and refrain from using some form of language that human beings could understand?

Occam's Razor - common sense - suggests that humans were far more likely to be behind crop circles than aliens. Not surprisingly that explanation was confirmed in the early 1990s when some people confessed to making many crop circles and demonstrated how they had done so.

Occam's Razor can also be applied to other alien "manifestations". Many people believe that visitors from space visit Earth not only to mess up our fields but to abduct specimen humans for perform bizarre experiments or they come occasionally to give this or that human civilisation a kick-start. Here too Occam's Razor can be applied, since for every alien visitation there is always a simpler and more likely natural explanation.

(Applying Occam's Razor to the 9/11 conspiracy theories discussed in Section 4 underlines the absurdity of the idea that the US government engineered the attack. If the theory is true, who in the government circles ordered this bizarre event? why did they want to kill so many of their own citizens? who planted the explosive devices in the World Trade Center that apparently caused the buildings to tumble? how did they do it without alerting WTC security? how is that none of the hundreds, if not thousands of men and women aware of this conspiracy have never come forward to admit their role in it? And so on and so on. Common sense tells us that the conspiracy theories are false and what we all know - it was a terrorist attack - is true.)

Occam's Razor can also be applied to God and the universe. If God is not necessary to explain the universe, common sense says that God does not exist. On the other hand, most believers use Occam's Razor to come to the opposite conclusion - God is a simpler explanation of the origins of the universe than the idea that it has always existed.

On the face of it, this viewpoint is reasonable, but the more it is investigated, the more it falls apart. So many questions arise - why did God make so many mistakes in the development of species? how can God's internally incompatible nature be explained? where did God come from? and so on - that the self-existing universe is seen to be the simpler and more likely explanation.

We will return later to the specific question of God and Occam's Razor. For the moment, let's stick with one point: the simplest interpretation is almost always the best.




Next: Introduction: Section 9
Science and knowledge



Custom Search

Do you have a question / comment about this page?
Email us, pasting the URL into your letter with the comment
This account is protected by Spamarrest.
You will receive a one-off request to verify your email before it is delivered.




If God existed, he would...

admire the beauty of a universe that he did not create

recognize that eternity is meaningless

deny both heaven and hell

disown all men and women who speak in his name

denounce the harm caused by religious "morality"

help the human race to thrive without him

If God existed, he would be an atheist.





Find Specials in: